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	<title>Comments on: It&#8217;s not the empty street that causes rape</title>
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	<link>http://hoydenabouttown.com/20070505.519/its-not-the-empty-street-that-causes-rape/</link>
	<description>This *is* my soft, feminine side.</description>
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		<title>By: mAndrea</title>
		<link>http://hoydenabouttown.com/20070505.519/its-not-the-empty-street-that-causes-rape/comment-page-1/#comment-10839</link>
		<dc:creator>mAndrea</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 01 Jun 2007 23:47:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://viv.id.au/blog/?p=519#comment-10839</guid>
		<description>http://www.xyonline.net has absolute tons of helpful stuff.

Please copy and save the following to your hard drive; insert into any old internet thread which looks like it could use a fucking clue:


FALSE RAPE REPORTS ARE AS LOW AS ANY OTHER CRIME:  SOURCE:  FBI &amp; JUSTICE DEPT.

In 1998, unfounded rape reports accounted for 8 percent of total reported rapes; however, this number is questionably [too high because] Some police officers incorrectly think that a rape report is unfounded or false if any or all of the following conditions apply: 

&quot;¢ the victim has a prior relationship with the offender 
(including having previously been intimate with him) 
&quot;¢ the victim used alcohol or drugs at the time of the assault 
&quot;¢ there is no visible evidence of injury 
&quot;¢ the victim delays disclosure to the police and/or others and does not undergo a rape medical exam 
&quot;¢ the victim fails to immediately label her assault as rape and/or blames herself.Â§ 

Fewer than 5 percent of college women who are victims of rape or attempted rape report it to police.14 However, about two-thirds of the victims tell someone, often a friend (but usually not a family member or college official). In one study, over 40 percent of those raped who did not report the incident said they did not do so because they feared reprisal by the assailant or others.15 In addition, some rape victims may fear the emotional trauma of the legal process itself. Low reporting, however, ensures that few victims receive adequate help, most offenders are neither confronted nor prosecuted, and colleges are left in the dark about the extent of theproblem.16 
http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/txt/pop/e07063411.txt


MEN WHO HOLD &quot;RAPE SUPPORTIVE ATTITUDES&quot; ARE MOST LIKELY TO RAPE

Descriptive studies show that compared to their less aggressive peers, sexually aggressive men typically view relationships with women as hostile and adversarial, have a more promiscuous and impersonal orientation toward sex (Malamuth, Linz, Heavy, &amp; Acker, 1995), and show greater arousal to depictions of forced intercourse (Bernat, 1997; Lohr, Adams, &amp; Davis, 1997). Social information processing and judgments of sexual interactions are further influenced by aggressive men&#039;s rape supportive cognitions (e.g., Bernat, Wilson, &amp; Calhoun, 1997).

At the individual level, men are more likely to sexually assualt if they have hostile and negative sexual attitudes towards women and identify with traditional images of masculinity and male privilege (Heise, 1998; O&#039;Neil &amp;Harway, 1977).  At the level of the immediate context in which violence takes place - typically families or other intimate or acquaintance relationships - male dominance is a strong predictor of the likelihood of sexual violence against women.  At the interpersonal level, another predictor especially among young men is attachment to male peers wo encourage and legitimate woman abuse (Heise, 1998).  And at the macro-social level, rates of violence against women are higher in contexts in which manhood is defined in terms of dominance, toughness, entitlement to power or male honour, there are rigid gender roles, and violence is condoned as a means to settle interpersonal disputes (Heise,1989).


CULTURES WHICH ACCEPTS MISOGYNY AS NORMAL PROMOTES RAPE

McFall (1990, p.318) has stated in his information processing model of rape:&quot;This evidence paints the following portrait of sexually aggressive men. They enter heterosexual relationships holding distorted cognitive schemata that predispose them to sexual misunderstandings and misguided actions. It is as though these men were &#039;primed&#039; by their schemata to read positive sexual connotations into women&#039;s neutral or negative messages; to believe that women secretly wish to be victims of sexual coercion; to misinterpret women&#039;s refusals ofsexual advances merely as coquettish acceptances; to dismiss women&#039;s physical resistance as a primeval sexual ritual; to misperceive women&#039;s cries of pain as squeals of pleasure; and to redefine any attempted rebuffs as proof that womenare &#039;teases&#039; who deserve whatever they get.&quot;

Descriptive studies show that compared to their less aggressive peers, sexually aggressive men typically view relationships with women as hostile and adversarial, have a more promiscuous and impersonal orientation toward sex (Malamuth, Linz, Heavy, &amp; Acker, 1995), and show greater arousal to depictions of forced intercourse (Bernat, 1997; Lohr, Adams, &amp; Davis, 1997). Social information processing and judgments of sexual interactions are further influenced by aggressive men&#039;s rape supportive cognitions (e.g., Bernat, Wilson, &amp; Calhoun, 1997).</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.xyonline.net" rel="nofollow">http://www.xyonline.net</a> has absolute tons of helpful stuff.</p>
<p>Please copy and save the following to your hard drive; insert into any old internet thread which looks like it could use a fucking clue:</p>
<p>FALSE RAPE REPORTS ARE AS LOW AS ANY OTHER CRIME:  SOURCE:  FBI &amp; JUSTICE DEPT.</p>
<p>In 1998, unfounded rape reports accounted for 8 percent of total reported rapes; however, this number is questionably [too high because] Some police officers incorrectly think that a rape report is unfounded or false if any or all of the following conditions apply: </p>
<p>&#8220;¢ the victim has a prior relationship with the offender<br />
(including having previously been intimate with him)<br />
&#8220;¢ the victim used alcohol or drugs at the time of the assault<br />
&#8220;¢ there is no visible evidence of injury<br />
&#8220;¢ the victim delays disclosure to the police and/or others and does not undergo a rape medical exam<br />
&#8220;¢ the victim fails to immediately label her assault as rape and/or blames herself.Â§ </p>
<p>Fewer than 5 percent of college women who are victims of rape or attempted rape report it to police.14 However, about two-thirds of the victims tell someone, often a friend (but usually not a family member or college official). In one study, over 40 percent of those raped who did not report the incident said they did not do so because they feared reprisal by the assailant or others.15 In addition, some rape victims may fear the emotional trauma of the legal process itself. Low reporting, however, ensures that few victims receive adequate help, most offenders are neither confronted nor prosecuted, and colleges are left in the dark about the extent of theproblem.16<br />
<a href="http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/txt/pop/e07063411.txt" rel="nofollow">http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/txt/pop/e07063411.txt</a></p>
<p>MEN WHO HOLD &#8220;RAPE SUPPORTIVE ATTITUDES&#8221; ARE MOST LIKELY TO RAPE</p>
<p>Descriptive studies show that compared to their less aggressive peers, sexually aggressive men typically view relationships with women as hostile and adversarial, have a more promiscuous and impersonal orientation toward sex (Malamuth, Linz, Heavy, &amp; Acker, 1995), and show greater arousal to depictions of forced intercourse (Bernat, 1997; Lohr, Adams, &amp; Davis, 1997). Social information processing and judgments of sexual interactions are further influenced by aggressive men&#8217;s rape supportive cognitions (e.g., Bernat, Wilson, &amp; Calhoun, 1997).</p>
<p>At the individual level, men are more likely to sexually assualt if they have hostile and negative sexual attitudes towards women and identify with traditional images of masculinity and male privilege (Heise, 1998; O&#8217;Neil &amp;Harway, 1977).  At the level of the immediate context in which violence takes place &#8211; typically families or other intimate or acquaintance relationships &#8211; male dominance is a strong predictor of the likelihood of sexual violence against women.  At the interpersonal level, another predictor especially among young men is attachment to male peers wo encourage and legitimate woman abuse (Heise, 1998).  And at the macro-social level, rates of violence against women are higher in contexts in which manhood is defined in terms of dominance, toughness, entitlement to power or male honour, there are rigid gender roles, and violence is condoned as a means to settle interpersonal disputes (Heise,1989).</p>
<p>CULTURES WHICH ACCEPTS MISOGYNY AS NORMAL PROMOTES RAPE</p>
<p>McFall (1990, p.318) has stated in his information processing model of rape:&#8221;This evidence paints the following portrait of sexually aggressive men. They enter heterosexual relationships holding distorted cognitive schemata that predispose them to sexual misunderstandings and misguided actions. It is as though these men were &#8216;primed&#8217; by their schemata to read positive sexual connotations into women&#8217;s neutral or negative messages; to believe that women secretly wish to be victims of sexual coercion; to misinterpret women&#8217;s refusals ofsexual advances merely as coquettish acceptances; to dismiss women&#8217;s physical resistance as a primeval sexual ritual; to misperceive women&#8217;s cries of pain as squeals of pleasure; and to redefine any attempted rebuffs as proof that womenare &#8216;teases&#8217; who deserve whatever they get.&#8221;</p>
<p>Descriptive studies show that compared to their less aggressive peers, sexually aggressive men typically view relationships with women as hostile and adversarial, have a more promiscuous and impersonal orientation toward sex (Malamuth, Linz, Heavy, &amp; Acker, 1995), and show greater arousal to depictions of forced intercourse (Bernat, 1997; Lohr, Adams, &amp; Davis, 1997). Social information processing and judgments of sexual interactions are further influenced by aggressive men&#8217;s rape supportive cognitions (e.g., Bernat, Wilson, &amp; Calhoun, 1997).</p>
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		<title>By: Rape Resistance more effective than Rape Prevention at Hoyden About Town</title>
		<link>http://hoydenabouttown.com/20070505.519/its-not-the-empty-street-that-causes-rape/comment-page-1/#comment-10793</link>
		<dc:creator>Rape Resistance more effective than Rape Prevention at Hoyden About Town</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 31 May 2007 21:07:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://viv.id.au/blog/?p=519#comment-10793</guid>
		<description>[...] Month in Hamilton, Ontario and possibly nationwide). The program of Rape Resistance dovetails with JoAnne&#8217;s guest post a few weeks ago about rape misinformation:  It is more accurate to talk about rape resistance. The [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] Month in Hamilton, Ontario and possibly nationwide). The program of Rape Resistance dovetails with JoAnne&#8217;s guest post a few weeks ago about rape misinformation:  It is more accurate to talk about rape resistance. The [...]</p>
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		<title>By: 97percentcocoa</title>
		<link>http://hoydenabouttown.com/20070505.519/its-not-the-empty-street-that-causes-rape/comment-page-1/#comment-10407</link>
		<dc:creator>97percentcocoa</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 21 May 2007 13:56:36 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://viv.id.au/blog/?p=519#comment-10407</guid>
		<description>&lt;strong&gt;media...&lt;/strong&gt;

[...]that [...]...</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>media&#8230;</strong></p>
<p>[...]that [...]&#8230;</p>
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		<title>By: Feminist Critics</title>
		<link>http://hoydenabouttown.com/20070505.519/its-not-the-empty-street-that-causes-rape/comment-page-1/#comment-10185</link>
		<dc:creator>Feminist Critics</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 12 May 2007 05:40:47 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://viv.id.au/blog/?p=519#comment-10185</guid>
		<description>[...] agree with these final remarks 100%. Via a serendipitous mislink from Pandagon to a crosspost on Hoyden about Town [back]A cursory search turned up this study in which advice offered by the researchers proved to be [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] agree with these final remarks 100%. Via a serendipitous mislink from Pandagon to a crosspost on Hoyden about Town [back]A cursory search turned up this study in which advice offered by the researchers proved to be [...]</p>
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		<title>By: glittertrash</title>
		<link>http://hoydenabouttown.com/20070505.519/its-not-the-empty-street-that-causes-rape/comment-page-1/#comment-10081</link>
		<dc:creator>glittertrash</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 08 May 2007 06:13:49 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://viv.id.au/blog/?p=519#comment-10081</guid>
		<description>I agree with badgerbag that there are certain behaviours that imply pretty clearly that a man will not listen to or respect women&#039;s personal boundaries. While I cannot presume that all men who behave this way will rape women, or that all men who rape women behave this way, I can declare pretty confidently that my life is much enriched by not spending any time around men like this, because their disrespect of my boundaries is A Bad Thing. It doesn&#039;t have to lead to rape to be bad.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I agree with badgerbag that there are certain behaviours that imply pretty clearly that a man will not listen to or respect women&#8217;s personal boundaries. While I cannot presume that all men who behave this way will rape women, or that all men who rape women behave this way, I can declare pretty confidently that my life is much enriched by not spending any time around men like this, because their disrespect of my boundaries is A Bad Thing. It doesn&#8217;t have to lead to rape to be bad.</p>
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		<title>By: Susan Carley Oliver</title>
		<link>http://hoydenabouttown.com/20070505.519/its-not-the-empty-street-that-causes-rape/comment-page-1/#comment-10072</link>
		<dc:creator>Susan Carley Oliver</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 08 May 2007 02:47:50 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://viv.id.au/blog/?p=519#comment-10072</guid>
		<description>Warning women about rape is about as useful as warning Iraq about foreign invasion, in my opinion.  We should be warning the pool of potential perpetrators about the &lt;strong&gt;consequences&lt;/strong&gt; of raping.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Warning women about rape is about as useful as warning Iraq about foreign invasion, in my opinion.  We should be warning the pool of potential perpetrators about the <strong>consequences</strong> of raping.</p>
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		<title>By: badgerbag</title>
		<link>http://hoydenabouttown.com/20070505.519/its-not-the-empty-street-that-causes-rape/comment-page-1/#comment-10068</link>
		<dc:creator>badgerbag</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 07 May 2007 23:27:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://viv.id.au/blog/?p=519#comment-10068</guid>
		<description>grendelkhan: I think there are some ways to identify men as being the sort of person who push and cross boundaries. People who say things about not being able to help themselves, they have to touch you. People who, when you tell them not to touch you or to back off, try to persuade you that it was just a joke or didn&#039;t mean anything. For example if I tell a man he is making me uncomfortable, and instead of hearing that, he tries to explain to me why I should not be uncomfortable or in fact am really not uncomfortable at all, he is exhibiting potential rapist tendencies. Basically a man who does not allocate agency to a woman, but thinks (and expresses through words and actions) that he knows better than she does what she thinks, feels, and &quot;really wants&quot; is sending up clear danger signals.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>grendelkhan: I think there are some ways to identify men as being the sort of person who push and cross boundaries. People who say things about not being able to help themselves, they have to touch you. People who, when you tell them not to touch you or to back off, try to persuade you that it was just a joke or didn&#8217;t mean anything. For example if I tell a man he is making me uncomfortable, and instead of hearing that, he tries to explain to me why I should not be uncomfortable or in fact am really not uncomfortable at all, he is exhibiting potential rapist tendencies. Basically a man who does not allocate agency to a woman, but thinks (and expresses through words and actions) that he knows better than she does what she thinks, feels, and &#8220;really wants&#8221; is sending up clear danger signals.</p>
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		<title>By: Xtinian thoughts</title>
		<link>http://hoydenabouttown.com/20070505.519/its-not-the-empty-street-that-causes-rape/comment-page-1/#comment-10061</link>
		<dc:creator>Xtinian thoughts</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 07 May 2007 22:25:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://viv.id.au/blog/?p=519#comment-10061</guid>
		<description>&lt;strong&gt;Today&#039;s little pile of awesome....&lt;/strong&gt;


* &quot;It&#039;s not the empty street that causes rape.&quot; Goddamn, today is awesome for linkage....</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>Today&#8217;s little pile of awesome&#8230;.</strong></p>
<p>* &#8220;It&#8217;s not the empty street that causes rape.&#8221; Goddamn, today is awesome for linkage&#8230;.</p>
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		<title>By: Pandagon</title>
		<link>http://hoydenabouttown.com/20070505.519/its-not-the-empty-street-that-causes-rape/comment-page-1/#comment-10069</link>
		<dc:creator>Pandagon</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 07 May 2007 22:00:11 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://viv.id.au/blog/?p=519#comment-10069</guid>
		<description>&lt;strong&gt;Women are to blame for everything, including and especially male abuse towards them...&lt;/strong&gt;

Lauredhel had a post on Hoyden About Town on how the very language we use to describe violence against women erases male responsibility. Including the phrase Â“violence against womenÂ&quot;, which implies but doesnÂ’t actually state Â“male violence against ...</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>Women are to blame for everything, including and especially male abuse towards them&#8230;</strong></p>
<p>Lauredhel had a post on Hoyden About Town on how the very language we use to describe violence against women erases male responsibility. Including the phrase Â“violence against womenÂ&#8221;, which implies but doesnÂ’t actually state Â“male violence against &#8230;</p>
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		<title>By: grendelkhan</title>
		<link>http://hoydenabouttown.com/20070505.519/its-not-the-empty-street-that-causes-rape/comment-page-1/#comment-10055</link>
		<dc:creator>grendelkhan</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 07 May 2007 15:38:41 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://viv.id.au/blog/?p=519#comment-10055</guid>
		<description>Pardon me for my thickheadedness, but what kind of warning are you left with? It must seem comforting to think that there&#039;s something you can do to make yourself safer, but of course, that brings along with it the blame for anything bad that happens, and it&#039;s, as you point out, a lie.

Are you saying that it&#039;s possible to identify men more likely to rape, due to a constellation of actions which betray a habit of thinking of women as subhuman? Because, in a self-centered way, I&#039;d like to hear more about that.

Some time ago, I had a disturbing realization: I realized that a significant proportion of my female friends had told me that they&#039;d been assaulted or abused in the past, and doing a bit of math, I considered that &lt;i&gt;none&lt;/i&gt; of my male friends had ever told me about that time they beat up a girl, or that time they raped a girl. If I hadn&#039;t had friends who had trusted me enough to tell me, the whole thing would have remained utterly invisible to me, and rape would have been something that happened to Other People Who Deserved It. It&#039;s a disturbing thought, that people I know and respect might be capable of that, and that there&#039;s no good way of knowing. (Not, of course, as disturbing as the thought that I might be the next victim, but as I said, this is a self-centered thought.)

There&#039;s a constant chorus whenever rape is brought up that all men aren&#039;t like that, but passivity on the part of men who don&#039;t rape enables those who do. Any way of identifying and sanctioning men who &lt;i&gt;are&lt;/i&gt; &quot;like that&quot; is of great interest to me.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Pardon me for my thickheadedness, but what kind of warning are you left with? It must seem comforting to think that there&#8217;s something you can do to make yourself safer, but of course, that brings along with it the blame for anything bad that happens, and it&#8217;s, as you point out, a lie.</p>
<p>Are you saying that it&#8217;s possible to identify men more likely to rape, due to a constellation of actions which betray a habit of thinking of women as subhuman? Because, in a self-centered way, I&#8217;d like to hear more about that.</p>
<p>Some time ago, I had a disturbing realization: I realized that a significant proportion of my female friends had told me that they&#8217;d been assaulted or abused in the past, and doing a bit of math, I considered that <i>none</i> of my male friends had ever told me about that time they beat up a girl, or that time they raped a girl. If I hadn&#8217;t had friends who had trusted me enough to tell me, the whole thing would have remained utterly invisible to me, and rape would have been something that happened to Other People Who Deserved It. It&#8217;s a disturbing thought, that people I know and respect might be capable of that, and that there&#8217;s no good way of knowing. (Not, of course, as disturbing as the thought that I might be the next victim, but as I said, this is a self-centered thought.)</p>
<p>There&#8217;s a constant chorus whenever rape is brought up that all men aren&#8217;t like that, but passivity on the part of men who don&#8217;t rape enables those who do. Any way of identifying and sanctioning men who <i>are</i> &#8220;like that&#8221; is of great interest to me.</p>
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